PERM UNIVERSITY HERALD. SERIES “PHILOSOPHY. PSYCHOLOGY. SOCIOLOGY”

VESTNIK PERMSKOGO UNIVERSITETA. SERIYA FILOSOFIA PSIKHOLOGIYA SOTSIOLOGIYA

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17072/2078-7898/2019-4-525-538

Psychometric properties of the Short Dark Triad measure

Dmitriy S. Kornienko
Doctor of Psychology, Docent,
Head of the Department of General and Clinical Psychology

Perm State University,
15, Bukirev str., Perm, 614990, Russia;
e-mail: dscorney@gmail.com
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6597-264X

Fedor V. Derish
Assistant of the Department of General and Clinical Psychology

Perm State University,
15, Bukirev st., Perm, 614990, Russia;
e-mail: fedor.derish@gmail.com
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8929-9093

In recent years, negative personality traits have attracted research attention. One of the examples is Dark Triad, which is a constellation of three personality traits: Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy. Some Dark Triad measures have been created. The article is devoted to the adaptation and validation of the Short Dark Triad (SD3) measure. We examined the structure, reliability, and validity of the items and scales in samples of 459 participants (69,5 % of them were female). Two versions of the questionnaire were offered: the full one (27 items) and the revised one (18 items). The structures of both versions correspond to the original SD3. The alpha reliabilities were 0,72 for Machiavellianism, 0,75 for narcissism, and 0,65 for psychopathy. The test-retest reliabilities were good for Machiavellianism and narcissism, and appropriate for psychopathy. To evaluate the convergent validity of SD3, it was compared with Russian adaptation of HEXACO-60. The Dark Triad traits have negative relationships with Honesty – Humility, Emotionality and Agreeableness. This study indicates that SD3 provides efficient, reliable, and valid measures of the personality traits included in the Dark Triad.

Keywords: psychometric properties, reliability, validity, personality traits, Dark Triad, Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, IRT.

References

Aghababaei, N., Mohammadtabar, S. and Saffarinia, M. (2014). Dirty Dozen vs. the H factor: comparison of the Dark Triad and honesty-humility in prosociality, religiosity, and happiness. Personality and Individual Differences. Vol. 67, pp. 6–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.03.026

Ashton, M.C. and Lee, K. (2009). The HEXACO-60: A short measure of the major dimensions of personality. Journal of Personality Assessment. Vol. 91, iss. 4, pp. 340–345. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890902935878

Book, A., Visser, B. and Volk, A. (2015). Unpacking «evil»: Claiming the core of the Dark Triad. Personality and Individual Differences. Vol. 73, pp. 29–38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.09.016

Christie, R. and Geis, F. (1970). Studies in Machiavellianism. New York: Academic Press, 467 p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/c2013-0-10497-7

Egan, V., Auty, J., Miller, R. et al. (1999). Sensational interests and general personality traits. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry. No. 10, pp. 567–582. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09585189908402160

Egorova, M.S., Sitnikova, M.A. and Parshikova, O.V. (2015). Adaptatsiya Korotkogo oprosnika Temnoi triady [Adaptation of the Short Dark Triad]. Psikhologicheskie issledovaniya [Psychological Studies]. Vol. 8, no. 43. Available at: http://psystudy.ru/index.php/num/2015v8n43/1181-egorova43.html (accessed 25.07.2019).

Furnham, A., Richards, S.C. and Paulhus, D.L. (2013). The Dark Triad: A 10-year review. Social and Personality Psychology Compass. Vol. 7, iss. 3, pp. 199–216. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12018

Furr, R.M. and Bacharach, V.R. (2010). Psikhometrika: Vvedenie [Psychometrics: An introduction]. Chelyabinsk: SUSU Publ., 445 p.

Jonason, P.K. and Webster, G.D. (2010). The Dirty Dozen: A concise measure of the Dark Triad. Psychological Assessment. Vol. 22, iss. 2, pp. 420–432. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019265

Jones, D.N. and Paulhus, D.L. (2014). Introducing the Short Dark Triad (SD3): A brief measure of Dark Personality traits. Assessment. Vol. 21, iss. 1, pp. 28–41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191113514105

Jones, D.N. and Paulhus, D.L. (2011). The role of impulsivity in the Dark Triad of personality. Personality and Individual Differences. Vol. 51, iss. 5, pp. 679–682. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.04.011

Kornilova, T.V., Kornilov, S.A., Chumakova, M.A. and Talmach, M. S. (2015). Metodika diagnostiki lichnostnykh chert Temnoy triady: aprobatsiya oprosnika Temnaya Dyuzhina [The Dark Triad personality traits measure: approbation of the Dirty Dozen questionnaire]. Psikhologicheskiy zhurnal [Psychological Journal]. Vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 99–112.

McHoskey, J.W., Worzel, W. and Szyarto, C. (1998). Machiavellianism and psychopathy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Vol. 74, iss. 1, pp. 192–210. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.1.192

McHoskey, J.W. (1995). Narcissism and Machiavellianism. Psychological Reports. Vol. 77, iss. 3, pp. 755–759. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.77.3.755

Morizot, J.M., Ainsworth, A.T. and Reise, S.P. (2007). Towards modern psychometrics: Application of item response theory models in personality research. Handbook of research methods in personality psychology, ed. by R.W. Robins, R.C. Fraley, R.F. Krueger. New York: Guilford Press, pp. 407–423.

Paulhus, D.L. and Dutton, D.G. (2016). Everyday sadism. The dark side of personality: Science and practice in social, personality, and clinical psychology, ed. by V. Zeigler-Hill, D.K. Marcus. Washington: American Psychological Association Publ., pp. 109–120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/14854-006

Paulhus, D. and Williams, K. (2002). The Dark Triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality. Vol. 36, iss. 6, pp. 556–563. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0092-6566(02)00505-6

Raskin, R. and Hall, C.S. (1979). A Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Psychological Reports. Vol. 45, iss. 2, p. 590. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1979.45.2.590

Roeser, K., McGregor, V.E., Stegmaier, S. et al. (2016). The Dark Triad of personality and unethical behavior at different times of day. Personality and Individual Differences. Vol. 88, pp. 73–77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.09.002

Samejima, F. (2016). Graded response models. Handbook of item response theory: Volume 1. London: Chapman and Hall Publ., pp. 123–136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315374512

Schumacker, R.E. (2002). Latent variable interaction modeling. Structural Equation Modeling. Vol. 9, iss. 1, pp. 40–54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328007sem0901_3

Stankov, L. and Knezevic, G. (2005). Amoral social attitudes and value orientations among Serbs and Australians. Australian Journal of Psychology. Vol. 57, iss. 2, pp. 115–128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530500048649

Veselka, L., Schermer, J.A. and Vernon, P.A. (2012). The Dark Triad and an expanded framework of personality. Personality and Individual Differences. Vol. 53, iss. 4, pp. 417–425. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.01.002

Williams, K.M., Paulhus, D.L. and Hare, R.D. (2007). Capturing the four-factor structure of psychopathy in college students via self-report. Journal of Personality Assessment. Vol. 88, iss. 2, pp. 205–219. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890701268074

Received 17.10.2019

 

 

For citation:

Kornienko D.S., Derish F.V. [Psychometric properties of the Short Dark Triad measure]. Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. Filosofia. Psihologia. Sociologia [Perm University Herald. Series «Philosophy. Psychology. Sociology»], 2019, issue 4, pp. 525–538 (in Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.17072/2078-7898/2019-4-525-538