DOI: 10.17072/2078-7898/2019-1-83-93
Psychological component of the gestational dominant, family relations and parental attitudes of women in different ages and states (pregnant and non-pregnant)*
Dmitriy S. Kornienko
Doctor of Psychology, Docent,
Head of the Department of General and Clinical Psychology
Perm State University,
15, Bukirev str., Perm, 614990, Russia;
e-mail: dscorney@gmail.com
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6597-264X
Anna G. Radosteva
Senior Lecturer of the Department of Pedagogy and Psychology
Perm State Humanitarian Pedagogical University
24, Sibirskaya str., Perm, 614990, Russia;
e-mail: batagen@gmail.com
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6245-1064
Elena A. Silina
Ph.D. in Psychology, Docent,
Professor of the Department of Pedagogy and Psychology
Perm State Humanitarian Pedagogical University
24, Sibirskaya str., Perm, 614990, Russia;
e-mail: corney@yandex.ru
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9219-170X
Pregnancy is a special period of a woman’s development, characterized by the acceptance of the new social role and changes in behavioral patterns based on parental attitudes, representations of motherhood, and social expectations. This study aims to analyze age differences in the types of psychological component of the gestational dominant (PСGD) and parental attitudes of women in different states (pregnant and non-pregnant). The principal assumption is that the age and the current state have a profound effect and determine different types of PСGD. Additionally, the associations between types of PCGD and parental attitudes are analyzed. The research sample consists of 436 women aged from 18 to 40, divided into two sub-groups: pregnant women (203) and non-pregnant women with a child not older than five (233). Methods: «Parental Attitude Research Instrument» (РARI) and questionnaire «Types of psychological component of the gestational dominant»; ANOVA, t-test, correlation and cluster analysis were used as statistical methods. The main conclusion is that differences in parental attitudes and types of PCGD mainly depend on the women’s age. Younger women (not older than 21) have more negative emotions linked with the intra-family relations (relationship with their husband) and the child’s upbringing. In addition, younger women perceive depression as the central psychological component of the gestational dominant. Regardless of the age, emotional characteristics of the family relations correlate with more adaptive types of PCGD, while non-adaptive types of PСGD are mainly associated with the emotions concerning interaction with the child.
Keywords: pregnancy, gestational dominant, attitudes, parenting, marital relationship.
References
Agarkova, I.V., Habarova, T.Yu. and Brigadirova, V.Yu. (2017). Kliniko-psikhologicheskoe issledovanie prinyatie novoy roli materi u pervorodyaschikh beremennykh zhenschin [Clinical-psychological research adoption of a new matter role in pregnant pregnant women]. Tsentral’nyy nauchnyy vestnik [Central Science Bulletin]. Vol. 2, no. 6(23), pp. 3–7.
Alhusen, J.L. (2008). A literature update on maternal-fetal attachment. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing. Vol. 37, pp. 315–328.
Aylamazyan, E.K. and Dobryakov, I.V. (2013). Demograficheskaya situatsiya i razvitie perinatal’noy psikhologii v sovremennoy Rossii [Demographic situation and development of perinatal psychology in Russia today]. Zhurnal akusherstva i zhenskikh bolezney [Journal of Obstetrics and Women’s Diseases]. Vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 10–15.
Bibikova, E.A. and Dobryakov, I.V. (2012). Osobennosti psikhologicheskogo komponenta gestatsionnoy dominanty u zhenschin s razlichnymi tipami sbalansirovannosti semeynoy sistemy [Special features of psychological component of gestational dominant at women with different types of family system]. Profilakticheskaya i klinicheskaya meditsina [Preventive and Clinical Medicine]. No. 4(45), pp. 56–60.
Dementiy, L.I. and Vasilevskaya, Yu.G. (2013). Osobennosti koping-strategiy beremennykh s raznym tipom psikhologicheskogo komponenta gestatsionnoy dominanty [Features of coping strategies pregnant women with different types of psychological component of gestational dominant]. Vestnik Omskogo universiteta. Seriya: Psikhologiya [Herald of Omsk University. Series «Psychology»]. No. 1, pp. 6–12.
Demina, A.S. (2013). Psikhologicheskaya gotovnost’ k materinstvu v period ranney vzroslosti [Psychological readiness for motherhood in the period of early adulthood]. Vestnik Kemerovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Bulletin of Kemerovo State University]. No. 4(56), pp. 88–92.
Dobryakov, I.V. (2014). Pokazateli trevogi i depressii u beremennykh zhenschin pri razlichnykh tipakh psikhologicheskogo komponenta gestatsionnoy dominanty [Anxiety and depression in relation to psychological component of gestational dominant]. Vestnik rossiyskoy voenno-meditsinskoy akademii [Vestnik of Russian Military Medical Academy]. No. 1(45), pp. 46–50.
Eremina, N.Yu. and Shutenko, E.N. (2018). Svyaz’ samootnosheniya i tsennostnykh orientatsiy u zhenschin v period beremennosti [Communication of the self-relation and valuable orientations at women during pregnancy]. Sovremennye nauchnye issledovaniya i razrabotki [Modern Research and Development]. No. 1(18), pp. 137–141.
Filippova, G.G. (2015). Prenatal’nyy stress: usilenie riska pri sovremennykh tekhnologiyakh vedeniya beremennosti i lecheniya besplodiya [Prenatal stress: increased risk in modern technologies of pregnancy management and infertility treatment]. VI Mezhdunarodnaya nauchnaya konferentsiya Psikhologicheskie problemy sovremennoiy sem’i: sbornik tezisov, pod red. O.A. Karabanovoy, E.I. Zakharovoy, S.M. Churbanovoy, N.N. Vasyagina [6th International scientific conference Psychological problems of the modern family: a collection of theses, ed. by O.A. Karabanova, E.I. Zakharova, S.M. Churbanova, N.N. Vasyagin]. Moscow, Zvenigorod, pp. 499–508.
Gardanova, Zh.R., Bresso, T.I., Esaulov, V.I. et al. (2017). Osobennosti formirovaniya materinskoy dominanty u molodykh devushek [Features of the formation of maternal dominant at teenagers]. Nauka, tekhnika i obrazovanie [Science, Technology and Education]. No. 11(41), pp. 70–74.
Golubykh, A.I. and Savenysheva, S.S. (2014). Emotsional’nye osobennosti beremennykh zhenschin i ikh otnoshenie k buduschemu rebenku i suprugu [Emotional characteristics of pregnant women and their relationship to the unborn child and spouse]. Nauchnye issledovaniya vypusknikov fakul’teta psikhologii SPbGU [Scientific Studies of Graduates of the Faculty of Psychology of St. Petersburg State University]. Vol. 2, pp. 72–78.
Hodyrev G.N. (2017). Issledovaniya gestatsionnoy dominanty [Gestational dominant studies]. Prioritetnye napravleniya razvitiya obrazovaniya i nauki Sbornik materialov III Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii [Priority directions of development of education and science Collection of proceeding of the 3rd International Scientific and Practical Conference]. pp. 88–89.
Kolesnikov, I.A., Belyaeva, E.N., Dobryakov, I.V., Zazerskaya, I.E. and Vasserman, L.I. (2017). Depressivnye rasstroystva u zhenschin vo vremya beremennosti i posle rodov: rol’ semeynykh otnosheniy [Depressive disorders during pregnancy and after birth: the role of family relations]. Sovremennye problemy klinicheskoy psikhologii i psikhologii lichnosti: materialy Vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem [Proceedings of All-Russian conference with international participations Contemporary problems of clinical psychology and personality psychology]. Novosibirsk, pp. 307–315.
Levchenko, A.V. and Galkina, E.V. (2013). Reproduktivnaya motivatsiya i emotsional’noe sostoyanie zhenschin vo vremya beremennosti [Reproductive motivation and emotional status of women in pregnancy]. Vestnik Adygeyskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya 3: Pedagogika i psikhologiya. [The Bulletin of Adyghe State University. Series 3: Pedagogy and Psychology]. No. 4(129), pp. 130–136.
Maas, J., Vreeswijk, Ch., Braeken, J., Vingerhoets, A. and Van Bakel, H. (2014). Determinants of maternal fetal attachment in women from a community-based sample. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. Vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 5–24.
Mordas, E.S. and Kharisova, R.R. (2018). Beremennost’ kak stadiya lichnostnogo razvitiya zhenschiny [Pregnancy as a stage of personal development of a woman]. Konsul’tativnaya psikhologiya i psikhoterapiya [Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy]. Vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 135–150. DOI: 10.17759/cpp.2018260209.
Muzafarova, A.T. (2015). Vzaimosvyaz’ kharakteristik semeynoy sistemy i otnosheniya k beremennosti [The relationship of the characteristics of the family system and attitudes towards pregnancy]. VI Mezhdunarodnaya nauchnaya konferentsiya Psikhologicheskie problemy sovremennoiy sem’i: sbornik tezisov, pod red. O.A. Karabanovoy, E.I. Zakharovoy, S.M. Churbanovoy, N.N. Vasyagina [6th International scientific conference Psychological problems of the modern family: a collection of theses, ed. by O.A. Karabanova, E.I. Zakharova, S.M. Churbanova, N.N. Vasyagin]. Moscow, Zvenigorod, pp. 474–477.
Nekrasova, D.A. (2016). Osobennosti proyavleniya tipov perezhivaniya beremennosti zhenschin v zavisimosti ot vozrasta [Features of manifestation of types of experiencing pregnancy in women, depending on age]. Innovatsionnye nauchnye issledovaniya: teoriya, metodologiya, praktika Materialy Mezhdunarodnoy (zaochnoy) nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii, pod red. A.I. Vostretsova [Innovative research: theory, methodology, practice Proceedings of the international scientific and practical conference, ed. by A.I. Vostretsov]. pp. 121–129.
Savenysheva, S.S. (2016). Udovletvorennost’ brakom i otnoshenie k beremennosti i rebenku u beremennykh zhenshchin [Marital satisfaction and relationship to pregnancy and child in pregnant women]. Problemy sovremennogo pedagogicheskogo obrazovaniya [Problems of Modern Pedagogical Education]. No. 53–11, pp. 239–246.
Sheffer, D. (2003). Deti i podrostki: psikhologiya razvitiya [Children and teenagers: developmental psychology]. Saint-Petersburg: Piter Publ., 976 p.
Ushakova, V.R. (2014). Psikhologicheskie osobennosti supruzheskikh otnosheniy u zhenschin s razlichnym techeniem beremennosti [Psychological features of marital relations in women with different courses of pregnancy]. Klinicheskaya i meditsinskaya psikhologiya: issledovaniya, obuchenie, praktika [Clinical and medical psychology: research, training, practice]. No. 2(4). Available at: http://medpsy.com/climp/2014_2_4/article09.php (accessed 25.12.2018).
Zakharova, E.I. and Yakupova, V.A. (2015). Vnutrennyaya materinskaya pozitsiya zhenschin, beremennost’ kotorykh nastupila s pomosch’u EKO [Internal maternal position of women who became pregnant using IVF]. Natsional’nyy psikhologicheskiy zhurnal [National Psychological Journal]. No. 1(17), pp. 96–104.
Received 22.11.2018
For citation:
Kornienko D.S., Radosteva A.G., Silina E.A. Psychological component of the gestational dominant, family relations and parental attitudes of women in different ages and states (pregnant and non-pregnant) // Perm University Herald. Series «Philosophy. Psychology. Sociology». 2019. Iss. 1. P. 83–93. DOI: 10.17072/2078-7898/2019-1-83-93
* Исследование выполнено при поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований, проект «Динамика психологических характеристик женщин с различным репродуктивным статусом: межгрупповой и внутригрупповой анализ» (№ 17-16-59001).