PERM UNIVERSITY HERALD. SERIES “PHILOSOPHY. PSYCHOLOGY. SOCIOLOGY”

VESTNIK PERMSKOGO UNIVERSITETA. SERIYA FILOSOFIA PSIKHOLOGIYA SOTSIOLOGIYA

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17072/2078-7898/2020-4-669-678

Employment and migration problems of rural youth in the Republic of Kalmykia*

Nogan V. Badmaeva
Researcher

Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS,
8, Ilishkin st., Elista, Republic of Kalmykia, 358000, Russia;
e-mail: noganabadmaeva@gmail.com
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4799-5506

Migration of rural youth is a topical problem in Kalmykia. The purpose of the article is to analyze the reasons for the migration of rural youth, to identify the factors influencing the return of young people to the countryside, their desire to stay and work there. The main research methods are quantitative survey and in-depth interview. The analysis of the study results showed that more than half of the respondents want to leave their village or settlement. The main push factors for migration from rural areas are low wages, lack of jobs, underdeveloped infrastructure, lack of good quality medical care, etc. In most cases, educational migration is irrevocable. For some of the respondents, ‘educational migration’ begins earlier, because there are no senior grades at schools in their settlement or village, or they want to get a high-quality secondary education and to have the possibility to prepare for entering a university or specialized secondary school. The main factor influencing the return of young people to the countryside is the availability of jobs with decent wages, the possibility to have their own housing, as well as the developed of social sphere and sphere of leisure. The obtained results can be used in regional programs for the development of rural areas. Analysis of measures aimed at attracting youth to rural areas in other regions showed it is necessaryly to develop programs aimed at establishing interaction with school graduates and elaborating financial mechanisms to support students. It is also critical to resolve the issue of guaranteed financing of sectoral programs to attract young people to rural areas.

Keywords: migration, educational migration, migration outflow, rural youth, regional employment regulation programs, Republic of Kalmykia.

References

Badmaeva, N.V. (2019). Zanyatost’ i bezrabotitsa sel’skogo naseleniya Respubliki Kalmykiya: problemy i voprosy regulirovaniya [Employment and unemployment of the rural population of Kalmykia: problems and regulatory issues]. Nauchnaya mysl’ Kavkaza [Scientific Thought of Caucasus]. No. 4(100), pp. 70–74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18522/2072-0181-2019-100-4-70-74

Budgoryaeva, V. (2019). Million est’ a zhelayuschikh na nego net. Ili pochemu v Kalmykii dala sboy programma «Zemskiy doktor»? [There is a million, but there are no willing ones. Or why the zemsky Doctor program failed in Kalmykia?]. RIA «Kalmykia». Jan. 9. Available at: https://riakalm.ru/index.php/news/health/15982-million-est-a-zhelayushchikh-na-nego-net-ili-pochemu-v-kalmykii-dala-sboj-programma-zemskij-doktor (accessed 05.09.2020).

Eldyaeva, N.A., Kovanova, E.S. (2017). Osobennosti sovremennogo polozheniya sel'skoy molodezhi regiona i formirovaniye molodezhnoy politiki v kontekste global'nykh tendentsiy [Peculiarities of current situation of the rural youth of the region and formation of youth policy in the context of global tendencies]. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Sotsiologiya. Ekonomika. Politika [Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Sociology. Economics. Politics]. No. 3, pp. 11–15.

Ilyin, A.E. and Konorev, A.M. (2013). Trudovoy potentsial agrarnogo sektora Kurskoy oblasti [Labor potential of the agrarian sector of the Kursk region]. Vestnik Kurskoy gosudarstvennoy sel’skokhozyaystvennoy akademii [Vestnik of Kursk State Agricultural Academy]. No. 5, pp. 10–12.

Islakaeva, G.R. (2016). Obrazovatel’naya mezhregional’naya migratsiya: prichiny i sotsial’no-ekonomicheskie sledstviya [Educational interregional migration: causes and socioeconomic consequences]. Uroven’ zhizni naseleniya regionov Rossii [Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia]. No. 3(201), pp. 77–88.

Mukhanova, M.N. (2016). Molodezh’ v sotsial’no-strukturnykh protsessakh rossiyskogo sela [Youth in the social and structural processes of the Russian countryside]. Zhizn’ issledovaniya posle issledovaniya: kak sdelat’ rezul’taty ponyatnymi i poleznymi [Life of Research after Research: How to Make the Results Understandable and Useful]. Moscow: RPOPC Publ., pp. 1512–1516.

Mukhanova, M.N. (2018). Sel’skaya molodezh’ Rossii: sostoyanie i perspektivy razvitiya [Rural youth of Russia: state and development prospects]. Traditsii i innovatsii v sfere obrazovaniya i vospitaniya [Traditions and innovations in the field of education and upbringing]. Moscow: RITM Publ., pp. 214–237.

Mukhanova, M.N. (2016). Zanyatost’ sel’skoy molodezhi v neformal’nom sektore [Employment of rural youth in the informal sector]. Upravlenie sotsial’nymi izmeneniyami v nestabil’nykh usloviyakh [Management of social changes in unstable conditions]. Moscow: MAKS Publ., pp. 424–428.

Namrueva, L.V. (2014). Kadrovyy potentsial agropromyshlennogo kompleksa (na primere Respubliki Kalmykiya) [Personnel potential of the agro-industrial complex (on the example of the Republic of Kalmykia)]. Intelligentsiya: estestvennonauchnye, sotsial’nye i gumanitarnye znaniya na puti integratsii [Intelligentsia: natural science, social and humanitarian knowledge on the path of integration]. Moscow: PSUH Publ., pp. 251–258.

Namrueva, L.V. (2017). Podgotovka kadrov dlya APK Respubliki Kalmykiya: realii i perspektivy [Training of personnel for the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kalmykia: realities and prospects]. Universitet v global’nom mire: novyy status i missiya [University in the global world: new status and mission]. Moscow: MAKS Publ., pp. 675–676.

Nefedova, T.G. and Mkrtchyan, N.V. (2017). Migratsiya sel’skogo naseleniya i dinamika sel’skokhozyaystvennoy zanyatosti v regionakh Rossii [Migration of rural population and dynamics of agricultural employment in the regions of Russia]. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 5. Geografiya [Moscow University Bulletin. Series 5. Geography]. No. 5, pp. 58–67.

Panina, T. (2019). Pora domoy. Pochemu posle ucheby molodezh’ ne speshit v svoy region [Time to go home. Why, after studying, young people do not rush to their regions]. Rossiyskaya gazeta. Dec. 4. Available at: https://rg.ru/2019/12/04/reg-pfo/pochemu-posle-ucheby-molodezh-ne-speshit-v-svoi-regiony.html (accessed 01.10.2020).

Postanovlenie Pravitel’stva RF ot 13 dekabrya 2017 g. № 1544 «O vnesenii izmeneniy v Gosudarstvennuyu programmu razvitiya sel’skogo khozyaystva i regulirovaniya rynkov sel’skokhozjaystvennoy produktsii, syr’ya i prodovol’stviya na 2013–2020 gody» [Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 13, 2017 No. 1544 «On amendments to the State Program for the development of agriculture and regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food for 2013–2020»]. Available at: https://base.garant.ru/71839796/ (accessed 07.09.2020).

Postanovlenie Pravitel’stva RF ot 15 iyulya 2013 g. № 598 «O federal’noy tselevoy programme “Ustoychivoe razvitie sel’skikh territoriy na 2014–2017 gody i na period do 2020 goda”» [Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 15, 2013 No. 598 «On the federal target program “Sustainable development of rural areas for 2014–2017 and for the period until 2020”»]. Available at: https://base.garant.ru/70419016/ (accessed 07.09.2020).

Postanovlenie Pravitel’stva Respubliki Kalmykiya ot 31 dekabrya 2013 goda № 614 «O poryadke predostavleniya sotsial’nykh vyplat na stroitel’stvo (priobretenie) zhil’ya grazhdanam Rossiyskoy Federatsii, prozhivayuschim v sel’skoy mestnosti Respubliki Kalmykiya, v tom chisle molodym sem’yam i molodym spetsialistam» [Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Kalmykia dated December 31, 2013 No. 614 «On the procedure for providing social benefits for the construction (purchase) of housing to citizens of the Russian Federation living in rural areas of the Republic of Kalmykia, including young families and young professionals»]. Available at: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/460220218 (accessed 01.10.2020).

Sillaste, G.G. (2004). Vliyanie SMI na zhiznennye plany sel’skoy uchascheysya molodezhi [The influence of the media on the life plans of rural students]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological Studies]. No. 12(248), pp. 95–102.

Sushko, P.E. (2013). Sotsial’naya mobil’nost’ sel’skoy molodezhi: institutsional’nyy aspect [Social mobility of rural youth: institutional aspect]. Teoriya i praktika obschestvennogo razvitiya [Theory and Practice of Social Development]. No. 8, pp. 113–115.

Received 01.11.2020

DOI: 10.17072/2078-7898/2020-4-669-678

For citation:

Badmaeva N.V. [Employment and migration problems of rural youth in the Republic of Kalmykia]. Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. Filosofia. Psihologia. Sociologia [Perm University Herald. Philosophy. Psychology. Sociology], 2020, issue 4, pp. 669–678 (in Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.17072/2078-7898/2020-4-669-678

 

* Исследование проведено в рамках госзадания КалмНЦ РАН «Развитие сельских территорий Юга России: комплексный социально-экономический и экологический мониторинг» (Рег. № НИОКТР АААА–А19-1190111490037-8).