ВЕСТНИК ПЕРМСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА. ФИЛОСОФИЯ. ПСИХОЛОГИЯ. СОЦИОЛОГИЯ

VESTNIK PERMSKOGO UNIVERSITETA. SERIYA FILOSOFIA PSIKHOLOGIYA SOTSIOLOGIYA

DOI: 10.17072/2078-7898/2016-4-14-21

THE CONCEPT OF HUMAN IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF KARL MARX:
THE EXPERIENCE OF RECONSTRUCTION

Ustinov Oleg Alexandrovich
Ph.D. in Philosophy, Associate Professor of the Department
of History and Philosophy of Education and Science

Academy of Advanced Training and Professional  Retraining of Education Specialists,
8/2а, Golovinskoe hwy., Moscow, 125212, Russia;
e-mail: olustinov@rambler.ru

The article discusses the anthropological issues in the philosophy of Karl Marx as a central theme of all his ideological and theoretical pursuit. In the early period of his work Marx was seriously keen in anthropological ideas of his predecessors J.G. Fichte, G.W.F. Hegel, L. Feuerbach, and others, but pretty soon abandoned the historical and philosophical reflection, and began to develop an independent political and socio-economic project in which these anthropological ideas were to be implemented in practice. There followed Marx's definition of his philosophy as «practical materialism». That is why the founder of the world communist movement for the first time in the history of philosophical thought could consider questions of formation and development of the «whole man», his self-realization, the problems of the individual and collective relationships, happiness, creativity, and the other on the rich social material. However, the magnitude of the tasks set by K. Marx, did not allow him to create a complete philosophical system. The result of this was the loss of the sense of incompleteness of the keys to the legacy of the «first Marxist», which was interpreted by his followers as an exclusively political and socio-economic project. This fact was the main reason for attempts of Western and domestic researchers to reconstruct Marx's anthropological concept with a detailed analysis of its ideological origins, evolution and historical destiny. The experience of such reconstruction propose in this article.

Keywords: the subjective factor in history, alienation, practice, Karl Marx, the concept of «whole man», class struggle, revolution, communism.

References

  1. Andrianov I.N. Problema cheloveka v rannih rabotah K. Marksa i F. Engel’sa: aftoref. dis. … kand. filos. nauk [A problem of a man in early K. Marx’s and F. Engels’s works: author’s abstract on procuring the degree of candidate of philosophy]. Leningrad, 1969, 18 p. (In Russian).
  2. Davydova G.A. [Problem of relations between man and nature in philosophical and historical concept of K. Marx]. Voprosy filosofii [Issues of philosophy]. 1983, no 5, pp. 73–85. (In Russian).
  3. Kant I. [Anthropology from a pragmatic point of view. 1798]. Sochineniya: v 7 t. [Oeuvre: in 7 vol.]. Moscow, Mysl’ Publ., 1966, vol. 6, pp. 349–588. (In Russian).
  4. Malinin V.A. [Problem of a man in K. Marx’s «Capital»]. «Capital» K. Marksa [K. Marx’s «Capital»]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1968, pp. 441–465.
    (In Russian).
  5. Marx K. [Capital. A contribution to the critique of political economy. Vol. 1, book 1: Process of capital production]. Marks K., Engels F. Sochineniya: v 50 t. [Marx K., Engels F. Oeuvre: in 50 vol.]. Moscow, Gospolitizdat Publ., 1960, vol. 23, 908 p. (In Russian).
  6. Marx K. [Capital. A contribution to the critique of political economy. Vol. 3, book 3: Process of capital production taken in whole. Part 1 (ch. I–XXVIII)]. Marks K., Engels F. Sochineniya: v 50 t. [Marx K., Engels F. Oeuvre: in 50 vol.]. Moscow, Gospolitizdat Publ., 1961, vol. 25, part 1, 546 p. (In Russian).
  7. Marx K. [Critique of the Gotha Program]. Marks K., Engels F. Sochineniya: v 50 t. [Marx K., Engels F. Oeuvre: in 50 vol.]. Moscow, Gospolitizdat Publ., 1961, vol. 19, pp. 9–32. (In Russian).
  8. Marx K. [Differences between physiophilosophy of Democritus and Epicurus]. Marks K., Engels F. Iz rannih proizvedenij [Marx K., Engels F. From early works]. Moscow, Gospolitizdat Publ., 1956, pp. 17–98. (In Russian).
  9. Marx K. [Work on religion. The union of believers with Christ according to John 15:1–14 showing its basis and essence, its absolute necessity and its effects]. Marks K., Engels F. Sochineniya: v 50 t. [Marx K., Engels F. Oeuvre: in 50 vol.]. Moscow, Gospolitizdat Publ., 1975, vol. 40, pp. 590–593 (In Russian).
  10. Marx K. [Theses on Feuerbach]. Marks K., Engels F. Sochineniya: v 50 t. [Marx K., Engels F. Oeuvre: in 50 vol.]. Moscow, Gospolitizdat Publ., 1955, vol. 3, pp. 1–4. (In Russian).
  11. Marx K. [Economic and philosophical manuscripts of 1844]. Marks K., Engels F. Sochineniya: v 50 t. [Marx K., Engels F. Oeuvre: in 50 vol.]. Moscow, Gospolitizdat Publ., 1974, vol. 42, pp. 41–74 (In Russian).
  12. Marx K., Engels F. [Manifesto of the Communist party]. Marks K., Engels F. Sochineniya: v 50 t. [Marx K., Engels F. Oeuvre: in 50 vol.]. Moscow, Gospolitizdat Publ., 1955, vol. 4, pp. 419–459 (In Russian).
  13. Marx K., Engels F. [The German ideology. Critique of the newest German philosophy of Feuerbach, Bauer and Stirner and German socialism of its prophets]. Marks K., Engels F. Sochineniya: v 50 t. [Marx K., Engels F. Oeuvre: in 50 vol.]. Moscow, Gospolitizdat Publ., 1955, vol. 3, pp. 7–544. (In Russian).
  14. Marx K., Engels F. [The Holy Family, or critique of critical critique. Against Bauer and company]. Marks K., Engels F. Sochineniya: v 50 t. [Marx K., Engels F. Oeuvre: in 50 vol.]. Moscow, Gospolitizdat Publ., 1955, vol. 2, pp. 3–230. (In Russian).
  15. [Marx to Wedemeyer. 5 March 1852]. Marks K., Engels F. Sochineniya: v 50 t. [Marx K., Engels F. Oeuvre: in 50 vol.]. Moscow, Gospolitizdat Publ., 1962, vol. 28, pp. 422–428. (In Russian).
  16. [Marx to Feuerbach. 11 August 1844]. Marks K., Engels F. Sochineniya: v 50 t. [Marx K., Engels F. Oeuvre: in 50 vol.]. Moscow, Gospolitizdat Publ., 1962, vol. 27, pp. 380–382 (In Russian).
  17. Myslivchenko A.G. [Philosophical paradigms of western marxism]. Karl Marks I sovremennaya filosofiya: sbornik materialov nauchnoj konferentsii k 180-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya K. Marksa [Karl Marx and modern philosophy: collection of materials of scientific conference devoted to 180 years anniversary of K. Marx]. Moscow, Institute of Philosophy of Russian Academy of Sciences Publ., 1999, pp. 346–355. (In Russian).
  18. Ojzerman T.I. [Thoughts on real humanism, alienation, utopism and «positivism»]. Voprosy filosofii [Issues of philosophy]. 1989, no 10, pp. 60–72. (In Russian).
  19. Ustinov O.A. Problema cheloveka tvorchestve N.I. Buharina: istoriko-filosofskij analiz: dis. … kand. filos.nauk [Problem of a man in N.I. Buharin’s works: dissertation of candidate of philosophical sciences]. Moscow, 2007, 204 p. (In Russian).
  20. Fromm E. [Marx’s contribution in perception of a man]. Psihoanaliz i etika. Moscow, Respublika Publ., 1993, pp. 344–356. (In Ru

The date of the manuscript receipt 04.04.2016

Please cite this article in English as:

Ustinov O.A. The concept of human in the philosophy of Karl Marx: the experience of reconstruction // Perm University Herald. Series «Philosophy. Psychology. Sociology». 2016. Iss. 4(28). P.14–21. doi: 10.17072/2078-7898/2016-4-14-21

Категория: Philosophy. Просмотров: 7311