ВЕСТНИК ПЕРМСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА. ФИЛОСОФИЯ. ПСИХОЛОГИЯ. СОЦИОЛОГИЯ

VESTNIK PERMSKOGO UNIVERSITETA. SERIYA FILOSOFIA PSIKHOLOGIYA SOTSIOLOGIYA

DOI: 10.17072/2078-7898/2018-1-109-124

Social tension and social risks in the context of international labor migration*

Veronika V. Romanenko
Ph.D. in Sociology, 
Researcher in project «Social risks of the international
youth migration in contemporary Russia»Saint Petersburg State University, 
7–9, Universitetskaya emb., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia;
e-mail: nikar@yandex.ru
ORCID: 0000-0003-0671-1076

Olga I. Borodkina
Doctor of Sociology, Docent,
Professor of the Department of Theory and Practice of Social WorkSaint Petersburg State University, 
7–9, Universitetskaya emb., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia;
e-mail: o.borodkina@gmail.com
ORCID: 0000-0002-0936-5757

The socio-economic development of modern Russia is largely determined by migration processes. St. Petersburg is one of the largest centers of attraction for labor migrants from near and far abroad. Because of migration in conditions of turbulent development of the economic and social spheres, unequal distribution of benefits and shortage of resources, new challenges and risks arise for the host society. The presence of risks, as well as their perception and assessment by members of the society, underlies the development of social tension and can increase the level of conflict between different groups of population. The aim of the study is to identify and describe risks for the host community in the context of migration in St. Petersburg. The analysis of theoretical concepts of social risk and social tension made it possible to identify approaches being the most relevant and meeting research goals and also to supplement them in terms of international migration processes and to formulate the authors’ understanding of the grounds for social tension. The article presents the authors’ concept of social risks due to international migration for the host community, which is based on the study of subjective risk assessment by members of this community (public opinion of St. Petersburg residents), as well as on the analysis of objective characteristics of risks. The research methods included telephone interviewing (standardized interview), analysis of the federal and departmental statistics, and expert opinions. The study identified and described the main social migration-related risks that can increase social tension. These risks require special attention and further scientific reflection while developing the migration policy of St. Petersburg as well as in elaborating measures to reduce social tensions in society as a whole.

Keywords: international migration, social risks, social tension, labor migrants, host community, public opinion.

References

Andrejco S.Ju. (2016). O merakh po preduprezhdeniyu prestupleniy so storony inostrannykh grazhdan, a takzhe v otnoshenii nih v Sankt-Peterburge  [On measures to prevent crimes by foreign citizens, and also against them in St. Petersburg]. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta MVD Rossii [Bulletin of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia]. No. 3(71), pp. 33–37. (In Russian). 

Beck U. (1992). Risk Society. Towards a New Modernity. London, 272 p. (In English). 

Bek U. (2000). Obshchestvo riska. Na puti k drugomu modernu [Risk Society. On the way to another modernity]. Moscow, 384 p.(In Russian).

Borodkin F.M., Volodina N.P. (1997). Sotsial’naya napryazhennost’ i agressiya [Social tension and aggression]. Mir Rossii [World of Russia]. No. 4, pp. 107–150. (In Russian).

Darendorf R. (1994). Elementyteorii sotsial’nogo konflikta  [Darendorf, Elements of the Theory of Social Conflict]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological Studies]. No. 5, pp. 142–147. (In Russian).

Dement’eva I.N. (2015). Potencial protesta naseleniya kak ugroza natsional’noy bezopasnosti territorii [Population protest potential as a threat to the national security of the territory]. Monitoring obshhestvennogo mneniya [Monitoring of public opinion]. No. 1(125), pp. 109–117. (In Russian).

Durkheim E. (1994). Samoubiystvo: Sotsiologicheskiy etyud [Suicide: Sociological Study]. Moscow, Mysl’ Publ., 399 p. (In Russian).

Dmitriev A.V. (1992). O sotsial’noy dezintegratsii i konflikte  [On Social Disintegration and Conflict]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovanija  [Sociological Studies]. No. 10, pp. 3–9. (In Russian).

Giddens A. Pierson C. (1998). Conversation with Anthony Giddens. Making Sense of Modernity. Stanford, Stanford University Press, 244 p. (In English). 

Kontsepciya gosudarstvennoy migracionnoy politiki Rossiyskoy Federatsii na period do 2025 goda (13/06/2012). [The concept of the state migration policy of the Russian Federation for the period until 2025 (June 13, 2012)]. Ofitsial’nye setevye resursy Prezidenta Rossii [Official network resources of the President of Russia]. Available at: http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/15635 (accessed 01.03.2017). (In Russian).

Kozer L. (2000). Funktsii sotsial’nykh konfliktov [Functions of social conflicts]. Moscow, Ideja-Press Publ., Dom intellekt.knigi Publ., 205 p. (In Russian).

Kotov D.A. (2013). Sotsial’naya napryazhennost’ «blagopoluchnogo klassa»  [Social tension of the «prosperous class»]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Filosofiya. Sotsiologiya. Politologiya  [Bulletin of Tomsk State University. Philosophy. Sociology. Political science]. No. 1(21), pp. 211–225. (In Russian).

Luhmann N. (1993). Risk: A Sociological Theory. New York, 249 p. (In English). 

Merton R. (1966). Sotsial’naya struktura i anomiya. [Social structure and anomie.]. Sotsiologiya prestupnosti(Sovremennye burzhuaznye teorii): Sbornik statey pod red. B.S. Nikiforova [Sociology of crime (Modern bourgeois theories): Collection of articles, ed. B.S. Nikiforov]. Moscow, Progress Publ., pp. 299–313. (In Russian).

Obshchie itogi migratsii naseleniya po sub’ektam Rossiyskoy Federacii za 2016 god [General results of migration of population by constituent entities of the Russian Federation for 2016]. Federal’naya sluzhba gosudarstvennoy statistiki [Federal Service of State Statistics]. Available at: http://www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/b17_107/Main.htm (accessed 13.09.2017). (In Russian).

Parsons T. (1937). The Structure of Social Action. New York, 480 p. (In English). 

Portal pravovoy statistiki [Portal of legal statistics]. General’naya prokuratura Rossiyskoy Federatsii [General Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation]. Available at: http://crimestat.ru (accessed: 13.09.2017). (In Russian).

Prozhitochnyy minimum [Subsistence minimum]. Ofitsial’ny sayt Administratsii Sankt-Peterburga [Official site of the Administration of St. Petersburg]. Available at: http://gov.spb.ru/helper/social/prozhitochnyj-minimum/ (accessed 01.03.2017) (In Russian).

Rukavishnikov O.V. (1993). Sotsial’naya dinamika i politicheskiy konflikt v Rossii: vesna 1993 goda — adaptaciya k krizisu  [Social Dynamics and Political Conflict in Russia: Spring 1993 — Adaptation to the Crisis]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological Studies].No. 9, pp. 28–42. (In Russian).

Sotsial’no-ekonomicheskoe polozhenie federal’nykh okrugov – 2016 [Social and economic situation of the federal districts – 2016].Federal’naya sluzhba gosudarstvennoy statistiki [Federal Service of State Statistics]. Available at: http://www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/b16_20/Main.htm (accessed 13.09.2017). (In Russian).

Statisticheskie svedeniya po migratsionnoy situatsii v Rossiyskoy Federatsii za 12 mesyatsev 2016 goda s raspredeleniem i regionam [Statistical information on the migration situation in the Russian Federation for 12 months of 2016 with distribution and regions]. Ministerstvo Vnutrennikh del RF [Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation]. Available at: https://mvd.rf/Deljatelnost/statistics/migracionnaya/item/9359228/ (accessed 13.09.2017). (In Russian).

Strategiya natsional’noy bezopasnosti Rossiyskoy Federatsii do 2020 goda (13/05/2009) [The National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2020 (May 13, 2009)]. Ofitsial’nye setevye resursy Prezidenta Rossii  [Official network resources of the President of Russia]. Available at: http://kremlin.ru/supplement/424 (accessed 29.05.2017). (In Russian).

Terskiy M.V. (2000). Sistemnyy podkhod k issledovaniyu ekonomicheskih riskov [A systematic approach to the study of economic risks].Sayt tsifrovyh uchebno-metodicheskih materialov VGUES [The website of digital educational and methodological materials VSUES]. Available at: http://abc.vvsu.ru/books/sistem_p/page0001.asp (accessed 01.11.2016). (In Russian).

Uroven’ zhizni [Standard of living]. Territorial’nyy organ Federal’noy sluzhby gosudarstvennoy statistiki po Sankt-Peterburgu i Leningradskoy oblasti [Territorial organ of the Federal State Statistics Service for St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region]. Available at: http://petrostat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/petrostat/ru/statistics/Sant_Petersburg/standards_of_life/ (accessed 01.03.2017) (In Russian).

Yanitskiy O.N. (1997). Modernizaciya v Rossii v svete kontseptsii «obshchestva riska»  [Modernization in Russia in the light of the concept of a «risk society»]. Kuda idet Rossiya? Obshchee i osobennoe v sovremennom razviti: Materialy mezhdunarodnogo simpoziuma pod red. T. Zaslavskoj [Where is Russia going? General and special in modern development: Proceedings of the International Symposium, ed. T. Zaslavskaya]. Moscow, pp. 37–48. Available at: http://ecsocman.hse.ru/data/655/679/1219/007Yanitskij.pdf (accessed 01.11.2016). (In Russian).

Yanitskiy O.N. (2003). Sotsiologiya riska: klyuchevye idei [Sociology of risk: key ideas]. Mir Rossii [The world of Russia]. No. 1, pp. 3–35. Available at: http://riskprom.ru/TemaKtlg/RiskSociety/janickij_sociologija_riska_2003.pdf (accessed 01.11.2016). (In Russian).

Zdravomyslov A.G. (1993). Fundamental’nye problemy sotsiologii konflikta i dinamika massovogo soznaniya [Fundamental problems of the sociology of conflict and the dynamics of mass consciousness]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya  [Sociological Studies]. No. 8, pp. 12–21. (In Russian).

Zdravomyslov A.G. (1996). Sotsiologiya konflikta [Sociology of Conflict]. Moscow, Aspekt-Press Publ., 317 p. (In Russian). 

Received07.12.2017

For citation:

Romanenko V.V., Borodkina O.I.Social tension and social risks in the context of international labor migration // Perm University Herald. Series «Philosophy. Psychology. Sociology». 2018. Iss. 1. P. 109–124. DOI: 10.17072/2078-7898/2018-1-109-124

 

*Исследование выполнено при поддержке Российского научного фонда (проект №16-18-10092) в Санкт-Петербургском университете.