Russian version of the article

DOI: 10.17072/2078-7898/2016-3-75-85

FLOWING OF THE «THE THREE YEAR OLD CHILD´S CRISIS»
IN RELATION TO THE FACTORS OF AGE, GENDER,
FAMILY STRUCRURE AND SOCIALIZATION OF THE CHILD

Ulanova Yuliya Yurievna
Educational Psychologist of the Highest Category

Center of psychological, educational, medical and social care,
86, Aleksandrovskaya str., Vsevolozhsk, Leningrad region, 188643, Russia;
e-mail: yuliya_ulanova@list.ru

Vasilenko Victoria Evgenievna
Ph.D. in Psychology, Docent, Associate Professor
of the Department of Developmental and Differential Psychology

Saint Petersburg State University,
7/9, Universitetskaya emb., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia;
e-mail: vasilenko_v@list.ru

This article is devoted to analysis of manifestations of the «3 year old child’s crisis» in relation to the factors of age, gender, family structure (complete/one-parent family, the presence of sibling, amount of children) and socialization of the child. The study involved 117 mothers of the children (65 boys and 52 girls) from Vsevolozhsk district of the Leningrad region. The age of children — from 2 years 1 month to 3 years 11 month, Mage = 3 years. Psychodiagnostic ethods were applied. The study revealed that the constructive component of the crisis «pride of achievement» was more pronounced, neurotic reactions were less pronounced that indicates on favorable picture of crisis manifestations. «3 year old childґs crisis» is more pronounced after 2 years 10 months, the period from 2 years 1 month to 2 years 9 months is characterized by signs of subcritical phase. Most of the gender differences were found in acute phase of the crisis. The emergence of the words «I», «Me myself», «I want/ I don’t want», «I will/ I will not» is the mechanism of the crisis. A faster temp of language development in girls leads to the earlier formation of the constructive component of the crisis. With regard to the factors of family structure, the constructive component of the crisis is better formed in children without siblings and in families where mothers are actively involved in the upbringing process. The factors «complete/one-parent family» and «amount of children» influence on the negativistic manifestations of the crisis — in complete families and families with three children (compared with two) parents better cope with child’s protest behavior. Children with siblings often manifest jealousy and somatic reactions to the crisis. Going to kindergarten after a period of adaptation promotes the formation of constructive component of the crisis.

Keywords: age crisis, manifestations of the «3 year old childґs crisis», «pride of achievement», negativistic symptoms, neurotic reactions, family structure, complete/one-parent families, siblings, socialization.

References

  1. Bozhovitch L.I. Lichnost i ee formirovanie v detskom vozraste [Personality and its formation in childhood]. Saint-Petersburg, Piter Publ., 2009, 400 p. (In Russian).
  2. Vasilenko V.E.[Manifestations of the «three year old child’s crisis» and parental relationship to a child (cross-cultural aspect)]. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Seria 12. Psikhologiya. Sotsiologiya. Pedagogika [Bulletin of St. Petersburg State University. Series 12. Psychology. Sociology. Pedagogics]. 2013, no. 3, pp. 42–51. (In Russian).
  3. Vasilenko V.E. Vorob’eva A.V. [Dynamics of «three year old child’s crisis» and characteristics of maternal attitude to a child]. Sbornik statey Vserossiyskoy konferentsii «Semya, brak i roditelstvo v sovremennoy Rossii» Moskva, 24–25 oktyabrya 2014 [Collected articles of the All-Russian conference «Family, marriage and parenthood in modern Russia», Moscow, Oct. 24–25, 2014]. Moscow, 2014, pp. 46–51. (In Russian).
  4. Vasilenko V.E. Manukyan V.R. Vozrastnye krizisy zhiznennogo tsikla. Praktikum [Age crises of life cycle. Practucum]. St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg State University Publ., 2011, 96 p. (In Russian).
  5. Vygotskiy L.S. Sobranie sochineniy: v 6 t. T. 4. Detskaya psikhologiya [Collected Works: in 6 vol. Vol. 4: Child psychology]. Moscow, Pedagogika Publ., 1984, 432 p. (In Russian).
    1. Golovey L.A. Savenysheva S.S. Vasilenko V.E. [Parent-child relationships in stable and critical periods of the childhood]. Psikhologicheskiy zhurnal [Journal of psychology], 2015, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 32–43. (In Russian).
  6. Golovey L.A., Savenysheva S.S., Vasilenko V.E., Engelgardt E.E.[On basic concept differentiation in the «parent-child» system of relations: theoretical and empirical aspects]. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Seria 12. Psikhologiya. Sotsiologiya. Pedagogika [Bulletin of St. Petersburg State University. Series 12. Psychology. Sociology. Pedagogics]. 2014, no. 2, pp. 84–95. (In Russian).
  7. Gus’kova T.V. Psikhologicheskiy analiz krizisa trekh let.: diss. … kand. psikhol. nauk [Psychological analisis of the «three year old child’s crisis». PhD (Psychology) diss.]. Moscow, Institute of General Pedagogical Psychology APN USSR Publ., 1988, 167 p. (In Russian).
  8. Ivanova Y.Y., Vasilenko V.E. [Manifestations of the «three year old childґs crisis» due to the factors of age, gender and family structure]. Ot istokov k sovremennosti, 130 let organizatsii psikhologicheskogo obschestva pri Moskovskom universitete, Sbornik materialov yubileynoy konferentsii: v 5 t. [From origins to modern time, 130 years of organization of Psychological Society in Moscow University, collected materials of anniversary conference: in 5 vol.]. Moscow, Cogito-Center Publ., 2015, vol. 3, pp. 99–102. (In Russian).
  9. Craig G., Baukum D. Psikhologiya razvitiya [Human Development]. Saint-Petersburg, Moscow, Khar’kov, Piter Publ., 2012. 940 p. (In Russian).
  10. Maryutina T.M.[on the use of the concepts «critical» and «sensitive» period of individual development]. Psikhologicheskiy zhurnal [Journal of psychology], 1981, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 145–153. (In Russian).
  11. Nikitin A.A., Makarova M.V. [Comparative analysis of intellectual readiness of preschoolers to school in complete and one-parent families]. Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. Filosofiya. Psikhologiya. Sotsiologiya [Perm University Herald. Series «Philosophy. Psychology, Sociology»], 2013, iss. 1(13), pp. 84–88. (In Russian).
  12. Polivanova K.N. Psikhologiya vozrastnykh krizisov [Psychology of age crises]. Moscow, Academy Publ., 2000, 184 p. (In Russian).
  13. Smirnova E.O. Savina E.A. Roditeli i deti: psikhologiya vzaimootnosheniy [Parents and children: psychology of relationships].Moscow, Cogito-Centre Publ., 2006, 230 p. (In Russian).
  14. White B. Pervye tri goda zhizni [The first three years of life]. Moscow, Pedagogics Publ. 1982, 176 p. (In Russian).
  15. Heymans P.G. [Conceptualization and operationalization of developmental tasks]. Protsessy psikhicheskogo razvitiya: v poiskakh novykh podkhodov. [Processes of psychological development: in search of new approaches]. Moscow, Science Publ., 1995, pp. 8–18. (In Russian).
  16. Shavirina A.A. Vliyanie detsko-roditelskikh otnosheniy na proyavlenie negativizma i upryamstva u detey starshego doshkolnogo vozrasta: dis. … kand. psikhol. nauk [Influence of parent-child relationships to manifestation of negativism and stubbornness among children of the senior preschool age. PhD (Psychology) diss.]. Moscow, 2012, 150 p. (In Russian).
  17. El’konin D.B. Izbrannye psikhologicheskie trudy [Selected psychological works], Moscow, Pedagogika Publ., 1989, 560 p. (In Russian).
  18. Erikson E. Detstvo i obschestvo [Childhood and society]. Saint Petersburg, Letniy sad Publ, 2000. 416 p. (In Russian).
  19. Вelsky J. Social-Conteхtual Determinants of Parenting. University of California, Davis, USA, 2014. Available at: http://www.child-encyclopedia.com/parenting-skills/according-experts/social-contextual-determinants-parenting (accessed 14.03.2016). (In English).
  20. Hersov L.A., Berger M. Aggression & anti-social behavior in childhood & adolescence. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1978, 171 p.(In English).
  21. Meier H.W. Three theories of child development. (In English).
  22. Wolff S. Children under stress. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1973, 284 p.(In English).
  23. Zirckel S., Cantor N. Personal construal of life tasks: those who struggle for independence. Journal of personality and social psychology. 1990, vol. 58, pp. 172–185.DOI: . (In English).

The date of the manuscript receipt 15.03.2016

Please cite this article in English as:

Ulanova Yu.Yu., Vasilenko V.E.Flowing of the «the three year old child´s crisis» in relation to the factors of age, gender, family strucrure and socialization of the child // Perm University Herald. Series «Philosophy. Psychology. Sociology». 2016. Iss. 3(27). P. 75–85. doi: 10.17072/2078-7898/2016-3-75-85

Категория: Psychology.